2016 State Report for County-Level Data: Poverty

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the following individuals who have contributed to the success of this effort: Deb Brucker, Erin Dame, Adam Lavoie, Kate Filanoski, Karen Volle, and Anna Brennan-Curry.

Funding for this publication is made possible by:

The Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics (StatsRRTC), funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Community Living National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR), grant number 90RTGE0001-01-00; and the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Employment Policy and Measurement (EPM-RRTC), also funded by NIDILRR, grant number 90RT5037-03-00. The information developed by the StatsRRTC and EPM-RRTC does not necessarily represent the policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government (Edgar, 75.620 (b)).

The StatsRRTC and EPM-RRTC are part of the Institute on Disability at the University of New Hampshire. The Institute on Disability/UCED (IOD) was established in 1987 to provide a university-based focus for the improvement of knowledge, policies, and practices related to the lives of people with disabilities and their families and is New Hampshire’s University Center for Excellence in Disability (UCED). Located within the University of New Hampshire, the IOD is a federally designated center authorized by the Developmental Disabilities Act. Through innovative and interdisciplinary research, academic, service, and dissemination initiatives, the IOD builds local, state, and national capacities to respond to the needs of individuals with disabilities and their families.

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Copyright 2019. Institute on Disability. University of New Hampshire.      

 

 

 

2016 Virginia Report for County-Level Data: Poverty

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on

Disability Statistics and Demographics

A NIDILRR-Funded Center

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Introduction

The State Reports for County-Level Data on Poverty are designed to provide the users of disability statistics with the number and percentage in poverty for civilians with disabilities, ages 18 to 64 years and living in the community, for any given state and county in the United States (U.S.). This report is intended to be an online complement to Section 3: Poverty of the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium and Annual Disability Statistics Supplement, providing greater detail within each state. The State Reports for County-Level Data on Poverty can be used to compare county-level statistics between counties in any given state or states. The following report provides county-level statistics for Virginia.

The proportion of the civilian non-institutionalized population with disabilities in poverty, also called the poverty rate, presented in the State Reports for County-Level Data is a useful tool for advocates, researchers, and policy-makers to plan and provide services and supports for people with disabilities experiencing poverty. In this report, poverty of people with disabilities is presented as the number of civilians with disabilities, ages 18 to 64 years and living in the community, in a given state and county per total state and county populations, respectively. Counts and percentages (the poverty rate) are provided in tables and maps.

The data for this report come from the American Community Survey 5-year data. The American Community Survey (ACS) is a national survey developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to provide information on a number of topics about social, economic, and demographic characteristics of the U.S. population. ACS 5-year data is collected over a longer period of time than 1-year data, providing larger sample sizes and increased reliability for less populated areas and small population subgroups. All of the statistics in this report use the ACS 5-year data which includes data from 2016, the year of the report, and data from the four previous years. In the ACS, people are identified as having a disability based on responses to a series of six questions asking about having difficulties with vision, hearing, ambulation, cognition, self-care, and independent living (see glossary for further details). 

Poverty is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and set as a dollar threshold by the U.S. Census Bureau (see the glossary for further details).

 

 

Specific to Virginia, the state chosen for this report, sentences providing interpretation and context for poverty statistics are included on the following page. A short glossary of terms is also provided at the end of the report explaining the statistics that are illustrated in each sentence.

Additional Resources. The Annual Disability Statistics Compendium and its complement, the Annual Disability Statistics Supplement, are summaries of statistics about people with disabilities, available both in hard copy and online at https://www.disabilitycompendium.org.

Help navigating any of the resources described here can be found in the Frequently Asked Questions section at https://www.disabilitycompendium.org/faq. Assistance interpreting and locating additional statistics is available via our toll-free number, 866.538.9521, or by email, disability.statistics@unh.edu. For more information about our research projects, please visit https://www.researchondisability.org.

Suggested Citation. Boege, S.L., Lauer, E.A., & Houtenville, A.J., 2019. 2016 State Report for Virginia County-Level Data: Poverty. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Interpretation

The following statements are designed to help understand the 2016 county-level poverty statistics from Virginia that are presented:

 

  • For people with disabilities: 

    • The poverty rate for people with disabilities in Virginia was 23.9%.
    • The range, also known as the difference between largest and smallest values, of poverty rates for people with disabilities across Virginia counties was 63.6%.
      • The county with the greatest poverty rate for people with disabilities was Galax (66.6%).
      • The county with the smallest poverty rate for people with disabilities was Northumberland (3.0%).
    • The median, also known as the middle-most, poverty rate for people with disabilities across all counties in Virginia was 25.9%.

 

  • For people without disabilities: 
    • The poverty rate for people without disabilities in Virginia was 9.8%.
    • The range, also known as the difference between largest and smallest values, of poverty rates for people without disabilities across Virginia counties was 45.4%.
      • The county with the greatest poverty rate for people without disabilities was Radford (47.9%).
      • The county with the smallest poverty rate for people without disabilities was Falls Church (2.5%).
    • The median, also known as the middle-most, poverty rate for people without disabilities across all counties in Virginia was 11.9%.
Civilians with and without Disabilities in Poverty Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2016
County Disability No Disability   County Disability No Disability
Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2] Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2]
    Virginia     468,492 112,076 23.9 4,560,631 445,199  9.8   Chesterfield    17,710   3,180 18.0   186,374  11,603  6.2
    Accomack       1,793     488 27.2    17,184   2,918 17.0      Clarke          775     100 12.9     7,692     749  9.7
   Albemarle       3,957   1,099 27.8    54,169   5,316  9.8 Colonial Heights   1,140     201 17.6     8,841     915 10.3
   Alexandria      5,661   1,220 21.6   100,683   7,977  7.9    Covington         622     188 30.2     2,583     514 19.9
   Alleghany       1,468     418 28.5     7,466   1,168 15.6      Craig           621     193 31.1     2,478     213  8.6
     Amelia          972     211 21.7     6,768     608  9.0     Culpeper       2,865     606 21.2    25,571   2,117  8.3
    Amherst        2,390     539 22.6    16,497   2,043 12.4    Cumberland        824     246 29.9     4,993     790 15.8
   Appomattox      1,309     673 51.4     7,740     791 10.2     Danville       4,347   1,514 34.8    19,451   3,550 18.3
   Arlington       6,162   1,040 16.9   156,384  12,820  8.2    Dickenson       2,129     738 34.7     6,865   1,204 17.5
    Augusta        5,380   1,057 19.6    36,994   2,816  7.6    Dinwiddie       2,460     678 27.6    14,730   1,969 13.4
      Bath           355      86 24.2     2,358      93  3.9     Emporia          636     393 61.8     2,572     535 20.8
    Bedford        5,437   1,368 25.2    40,354   2,960  7.3      Essex           624     212 34.0     5,965     700 11.7
     Bland           385      43 11.2     3,021     265  8.8     Fairfax          784      58  7.4    14,046   1,107  7.9
   Botetourt       2,179     372 17.1    17,488   1,074  6.1     Fairfax       34,744   5,073 14.6   679,638  35,070  5.2
    Bristol        1,898     811 42.7     8,020   1,040 13.0   Falls Church       291       9  3.1     8,190     207  2.5
   Brunswick       1,462     492 33.7     7,084   1,210 17.1     Fauquier       3,420     447 13.1    37,818   1,792  4.7
    Buchanan       2,765     932 33.7    11,068   2,402 21.7      Floyd         1,077     291 27.0     8,105     721  8.9
   Buckingham      1,225     286 23.3     7,823   1,093 14.0     Fluvanna       1,503     280 18.6    13,043     876  6.7
  Buena Vista        497     209 42.1     3,239     822 25.4     Franklin         379      97 25.6     4,440     667 15.0
    Campbell       3,814   1,305 34.2    29,597   3,018 10.2     Franklin       4,380   1,106 25.3    27,877   3,385 12.1
    Caroline       1,743     282 16.2    14,661   1,469 10.0    Frederick       4,791     634 13.2    44,802   2,080  4.6
    Carroll        2,877     799 27.8    14,611   2,040 14.0  Fredericksburg    1,413     585 41.4    15,201   2,182 14.4
  Charles City       610     155 25.4     3,804     394 10.4      Galax           745     496 66.6     3,082     464 15.1
   Charlotte       1,247     425 34.1     5,751   1,256 21.8      Giles         1,758     531 30.2     8,203     796  9.7
Charlottesville    2,591     800 30.9    29,295   8,434 28.8    Gloucester      2,612     435 16.7    19,962   1,274  6.4
   Chesapeake     11,750   1,704 14.5   124,794   9,796  7.8    Goochland       1,240     164 13.2    11,099     430  3.9
Civilians with and without Disabilities in Poverty Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2016
County Disability No Disability   County Disability No Disability
Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2] Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2]
    Grayson        1,304     405 31.1     7,300   1,189 16.3   Martinsville     1,366     579 42.4     6,152   1,261 20.5
     Greene        1,457     208 14.3     9,999   1,286 12.9     Mathews          547      97 17.7     4,205     378  9.0
  Greensville        751     209 27.8     4,298     642 14.9   Mecklenburg      3,017     824 27.3    14,001   2,261 16.1
    Halifax        3,038     903 29.7    16,739   2,612 15.6    Middlesex         747     131 17.5     4,948     460  9.3
    Hampton        9,609   2,351 24.5    71,674   9,757 13.6    Montgomery      4,943   1,598 32.3    57,086  16,527 29.0
    Hanover        4,467     717 16.1    56,991   2,744  4.8      Nelson          995     256 25.7     7,439   1,019 13.7
  Harrisonburg     1,863     777 41.7    30,712  11,559 37.6     New Kent       1,018      99  9.7    11,248     501  4.5
    Henrico       16,590   3,442 20.7   184,318  16,048  8.7   Newport News    12,430   2,852 22.9    93,888  12,482 13.3
     Henry         5,479   1,971 36.0    24,549   3,474 14.2     Norfolk       15,138   4,996 33.0   123,426  23,196 18.8
    Highland         164      45 27.4       953     102 10.7   Northampton        607     245 40.4     5,885   1,060 18.0
    Hopewell       2,179     785 36.0    10,776   1,700 15.8  Northumberland      606      18  3.0     5,568     773 13.9
 Isle of Wight     2,015     407 20.2    19,835   1,747  8.8      Norton          457     211 46.2     2,070     428 20.7
   James City      3,375     804 23.8    35,950   2,899  8.1     Nottoway       1,410     538 38.2     7,133   1,421 19.9
  King George      1,654     314 19.0    13,759     499  3.6      Orange        2,305     484 21.0    17,602   1,238  7.0
  King William       795     139 17.5     9,212     813  8.8       Page         2,137     692 32.4    11,926   1,703 14.3
 King and Queen      353      99 28.0     3,918     385  9.8     Patrick        1,682     603 35.9     8,768   1,530 17.4
   Lancaster         496     155 31.3     4,912     475  9.7    Petersburg      3,814   1,706 44.7    16,020   3,728 23.3
      Lee          3,647   1,184 32.5    10,504   2,392 22.8   Pittsylvania     5,368   1,542 28.7    31,443   3,852 12.3
   Lexington         252      89 35.3     1,788     432 24.2     Poquoson         468      70 15.0     6,558     281  4.3
    Loudoun        9,445   1,002 10.6   215,573   7,710  3.6    Portsmouth      6,634   1,717 25.9    50,133   7,199 14.4
     Louisa        2,730     756 27.7    18,465   1,591  8.6     Powhatan       1,166     227 19.5    14,670     669  4.6
   Lunenburg       1,243     304 24.5     5,471   1,077 19.7  Prince Edward     1,294     397 30.7    10,389   1,904 18.3
   Lynchburg       5,113   1,926 37.7    37,907   8,706 23.0  Prince George     2,532     562 22.2    17,350   1,315  7.6
    Madison          825     181 21.9     6,809     709 10.4  Prince William   17,135   2,039 11.9   257,793  14,377  5.6
    Manassas       1,767     216 12.2    24,937   1,650  6.6     Pulaski        2,890     839 29.0    17,195   2,033 11.8
 Manassas Park       784     187 23.9     9,640     561  5.8     Radford        1,223     343 28.0     9,652   4,626 47.9
Civilians with and without Disabilities in Poverty Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2016
County Disability No Disability   County Disability No Disability
Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2] Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2]
  Rappahannock       335     103 30.7     3,964     333  8.4    Winchester      2,383     639 26.8    13,845   1,758 12.7
    Richmond         285      65 22.8     3,641     438 12.0       Wise         5,597   1,948 34.8    17,556   2,998 17.1
    Richmond      20,585   7,829 38.0   122,350  25,664 21.0      Wythe         2,805     791 28.2    14,699   2,066 14.1
    Roanoke        4,781   1,013 21.2    49,738   3,350  6.7       York         3,235     296  9.1    34,461   2,012  5.8
    Roanoke        9,359   3,438 36.7    52,407   9,067 17.3                                                             
   Rockbridge      1,523     348 22.8    11,407   1,495 13.1                                                             
   Rockingham      4,764     886 18.6    40,572   3,867  9.5                                                             
    Russell        3,324     944 28.4    13,735   1,962 14.3                                                             
     Salem         1,493     339 22.7    12,540   1,055  8.4                                                             
     Scott         2,722   1,067 39.2    10,113   1,438 14.2                                                             
   Shenandoah      2,691     549 20.4    22,589   1,969  8.7                                                             
     Smyth         3,636   1,194 32.8    14,998   2,149 14.3                                                             
  Southampton      1,361     382 28.1     8,892   1,055 11.9                                                             
  Spotsylvania     7,360   1,255 17.1    72,276   5,132  7.1                                                             
    Stafford       6,205     652 10.5    77,299   3,121  4.0                                                             
    Staunton       1,671     429 25.7    12,056   1,607 13.3                                                             
    Suffolk        5,140   1,143 22.2    46,689   3,991  8.5                                                             
     Surry           500      96 19.2     3,695     401 10.9                                                             
     Sussex          632     254 40.2     3,343     565 16.9                                                             
    Tazewell       5,331   1,569 29.4    20,002   2,867 14.3                                                             
 Virginia Beach   22,310   3,327 14.9   243,785  16,966  7.0                                                             
     Warren        2,961     657 22.2    20,797   1,611  7.7                                                             
   Washington      4,967   1,406 28.3    26,878   3,191 11.9                                                             
   Waynesboro      1,561     378 24.2    10,948   1,520 13.9                                                             
  Westmoreland     1,239     401 32.4     8,826     902 10.2                                                             
  Williamsburg       595     168 28.2     6,519   1,935 29.7                                                             
Count of Civilians in Poverty with Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2016

Poverty Rate for Civilians with Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2016

Discussion

There are a number of concepts and factors which complicate the interpretation of the estimates presented in this report. These concerns affect all statistics from population-based surveys. The estimates included in this document should be interpreted the following limitations in mind and generalized with caution. In each point, a link to the U.S. Census Bureau website describing the limitation or concept in greater detail in the ACS has been provided.

Additional links to resources for the ACS:

Glossary

American Community Survey (ACS) — The American Community Survey is a large, continuous demographic survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau that will provide accurate and up-to-date profiles of America’s communities every year. Annual and multiyear estimates of population and housing data are generated for small areas, including tracts and population subgroups. This information is collected by mailing questionnaires to a sample of addresses. See the U.S. Census Bureau website for additional details.

The Six Disability Questions in the American Community Survey:

  1. Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious difficulty hearing? (yes or no)
  2. Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? (yes or no)
  3. (If person 5 years old or over) Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? (yes or no)
  4. (If person 5 years or old over) Does this person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? (yes or no)
  5. (If person 5 years old or over) Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing? (yes or no)
  6. (If person 15 years old or over) Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping? (yes or no)

Average — The sum of all of the values in a sample divided by the number of values in the sample.

Civilian — A person not in active-duty military.

Living in the Community – A person lives in the community, if the person is not living in an institution, such as jail, prison, nursing home, and hospital. A college dormitory is not considered an institution.

Median — The middle-most value of a sample that separates the upper half of the values from the lower half of the values. 

Non-Institutionalized Population — Describes individuals who are residing in the community and who are not living in institutions such as jails, prisons, nursing homes, hospitals, etc.

Population — The total number of inhabitants in a defined geographic area including all races, classes, and groups.

Poverty — The U.S. Office of Management and Budget in Statistical Policy, Directive 14 sets the standards for which poverty is calculated. The U.S. Census Bureau uses a set of dollar value thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If a family’s total income is less than the dollar value of the appropriate threshold, then that family and every individual in it is considered to be in poverty.

Poverty Rate — Percent of the population who are determined to be in poverty.

Range — The difference between the largest and smallest values in a sample. In a sample, when the smallest value is subtracted from the largest value the resulting value is called the range. 

Sampling Variability — The variation of a statistic when estimated from repeated samples.

United States Census Bureau — An agency within the United States Federal Statistical System tasked with producing data about the American people and economy. Their primary task is to conduct the United States Census every ten years.

About the Center

Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics (StatsRRTC)

Led by the University of New Hampshire, the StatsRRTC is a collaborative effort involving the following partners: American Association of People with Disabilities, Center for Essential Management Services, Council of State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation, Kessler Foundation, Mathematica Policy Research, and Public Health Institute.

The StatsRRTC is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research under grant number 90RTGE00010100, from 2018–2023.

Employment Policy and Measurement Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (EPM-RRTC)

Led by the University of New Hampshire, the EPM-RRTC is a collaborative effort involving the following partners: Association of University Centers on Disability, Hunter College, Kessler Foundation, Mathematica Policy Research, and the University of Chicago.

The EPM-RRTC is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research under grant number 90RT503701, from 2015–2020.

Contact Information
University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability
10 West Edge Drive, Suite 101
Durham, NH 03824
Toll-Free Telephone/TTY: 866-538-9521
E-mail: Disability.Statistics@unh.edu
https://www.researchondisability.org