2018 State Report for County-Level Data: Poverty

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the following individuals who have contributed to the success of this effort: Deb Brucker, Erin Dame, Kate Filanoski, Adam Lavoie, Kim Phillips, and Karen Volle.

Funding for this publication is made possible by:

The Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics (StatsRRTC), funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Community Living National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR), grant number 90RTGE0001-01-00; and the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Employment Policy and Measurement (EPM-RRTC), also funded by NIDILRR, grant number 90RT5037-03-00. The information developed by the StatsRRTC and EPM-RRTC does not necessarily represent the policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government (Edgar, 75.620 (b)).

The StatsRRTC and EPM-RRTC are part of the Institute on Disability at the University of New Hampshire. The Institute on Disability/UCED (IOD) was established in 1987 to provide a university-based focus for the improvement of knowledge, policies, and practices related to the lives of people with disabilities and their families and is New Hampshire’s University Center for Excellence in Disability (UCED). Located within the University of New Hampshire, the IOD is a federally designated center authorized by the Developmental Disabilities Act. Through innovative and interdisciplinary research, academic, service, and dissemination initiatives, the IOD builds local, state, and national capacities to respond to the needs of individuals with disabilities and their families.

Institute on Disability / UCED

UNH.png

10 West Edge Drive, Suite 101 | Durham, NH 03284              603.862.4320 | relay: 711 | contact.iod@unh.edu | https://www.iod.unh.edu

Stay Connected:
facebook.png instragram.png linkedin.png Twitter.jpg youtube.png       

 

Copyright 2020. Institute on Disability. University of New Hampshire.      

 

 

 

2018 Michigan Report for County-Level Data: Poverty

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on

Disability Statistics and Demographics

A NIDILRR-Funded Center

NIDILIRR.jpg

Introduction

The State Reports for County-Level Data on Poverty are designed to provide the users of disability statistics with the number and percentage in poverty for civilians with disabilities, ages 18 to 64 years and living in the community, for any given state and county in the United States (U.S.). This report is intended to be an online complement to Section 3: Poverty of the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium and Annual Disability Statistics Supplement, providing greater detail within each state. The State Reports for County-Level Data on Poverty can be used to compare county-level statistics between counties in any given state or states. The following report provides county-level statistics for Michigan.

The proportion of the civilian non-institutionalized population with disabilities in poverty, also called the poverty rate, presented in the State Reports for County-Level Data is a useful tool for advocates, researchers, and policy-makers to plan and provide services and supports for people with disabilities experiencing poverty. In this report, poverty of people with disabilities is presented as the number of civilians with disabilities, ages 18 to 64 years and living in the community, in a given state and county per total state and county populations, respectively. Counts and percentages (the poverty rate) are provided in tables and maps.

The data for this report come from the American Community Survey 5-year data. The American Community Survey (ACS) is a national survey developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to provide information on a number of topics about social, economic, and demographic characteristics of the U.S. population. ACS 5-year data is collected over a longer period of time than 1-year data, providing larger sample sizes and increased reliability for less populated areas and small population subgroups. All of the statistics in this report use the ACS 5-year data which includes data the year of this report and data from the four previous years. In the ACS, people are identified as having a disability based on responses to a series of six questions asking about having difficulties with vision, hearing, ambulation, cognition, self-care, and independent living (see glossary for further details). 

Poverty is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and set as a dollar threshold by the U.S. Census Bureau (see the glossary for further details).

 

Specific to Michigan, the state chosen for this report, sentences providing interpretation and context for poverty statistics are included on the following page. A short glossary of terms is also provided at the end of the report explaining the statistics that are illustrated in each sentence.

Additional Resources. The Annual Disability Statistics Compendium and its complement, the Annual Disability Statistics Supplement, are summaries of statistics about people with disabilities, available both in hard copy and online at https://www.disabilitycompendium.org

Help navigating any of the resources described here can be found in the Frequently Asked Questions section at https://www.disabilitycompendium.org/faq. Assistance interpreting and locating additional statistics is available via our toll-free number, 866.538.9521, or by email, disability.statistics@unh.edu. For more information about our research projects, please visit https://www.researchondisability.org.

Suggested Citation. Boege, S.L., Lauer, E.A., & Houtenville, A.J., 2020. 2018 State Report for Michigan County-Level Data: Poverty. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Interpretation

The following statements are designed to help understand the 2018 county-level poverty statistics from Michigan that are presented:

 

  • For people with disabilities: 

    • The poverty rate for people with disabilities in Michigan was 29.1%.
    • The range, also known as the difference between largest and smallest values, of poverty rates for people with disabilities across Michigan counties was 27.2%.
      • The county with the greatest poverty rate for people with disabilities was Schoolcraft (40.7%).
      • The county with the smallest poverty rate for people with disabilities was Leelanau and Livingston (13.5%).
    • The median, also known as the middle-most, poverty rate for people with disabilities across all counties in Michigan was 28.9%.

 

  • For people without disabilities: 
    • The poverty rate for people without disabilities in Michigan was 12.6%.
    • The range, also known as the difference between largest and smallest values, of poverty rates for people without disabilities across Michigan counties was 26.5%.
      • The county with the greatest poverty rate for people without disabilities was Isabella (31.0%).
      • The county with the smallest poverty rate for people without disabilities was Livingston (4.5%).
    • The median, also known as the middle-most, poverty rate for people without disabilities across all counties in Michigan was 12.8%.
Civilians with and without Disabilities in Poverty Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Michigan, by County: 2018
County Disability No Disability   County Disability No Disability
Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2] Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2]
   Michigan    738,980 215,073 29.1 5,252,967 661,016 12.6    Gladwin       2,724   1,087 39.9    11,037   1,515 13.7
    Alcona       1,048     384 36.6     4,257     660 15.5    Gogebic       1,016     409 40.3     7,017   1,097 15.6
    Alger          690     120 17.4     3,963     366  9.2 Grand Traverse   5,657   1,292 22.8    48,992   4,279  8.7
   Allegan       6,109   1,557 25.5    62,485   4,944  7.9    Gratiot       2,692     988 36.7    18,251   2,952 16.2
    Alpena       2,609     751 28.8    13,926   1,837 13.2   Hillsdale      3,554   1,029 29.0    22,477   3,151 14.0
    Antrim       1,656     444 26.8    11,114   1,072  9.6    Houghton      2,118     781 36.9    18,827   4,605 24.5
    Arenac       1,751     660 37.7     7,011   1,001 14.3     Huron        2,323     641 27.6    15,387   1,626 10.6
    Baraga         619     164 26.5     3,391     486 14.3     Ingham      21,121   6,833 32.4   156,711  31,275 20.0
    Barry        3,554     723 20.3    31,930   2,424  7.6     Ionia        3,898   1,013 26.0    32,894   3,531 10.7
     Bay         8,861   2,704 30.5    53,947   6,919 12.8     Iosco        2,594     774 29.8    11,066   1,730 15.6
    Benzie       1,248     326 26.1     8,565     697  8.1      Iron          855     288 33.7     5,171     592 11.4
   Berrien      11,059   3,399 30.7    77,698  10,723 13.8    Isabella      5,269   1,961 37.2    38,944  12,073 31.0
    Branch       2,974     809 27.2    21,081   2,584 12.3    Jackson      12,191   3,407 27.9    77,109   8,513 11.0
   Calhoun      11,116   3,639 32.7    67,345   8,849 13.1   Kalamazoo     18,510   5,497 29.7   142,224  22,929 16.1
     Cass        4,524   1,148 25.4    25,708   2,538  9.9    Kalkaska      1,772     597 33.7     8,561   1,259 14.7
  Charlevoix     1,705     425 24.9    13,250   1,191  9.0      Kent       40,488  10,483 25.9   355,916  37,093 10.4
  Cheboygan      2,392     627 26.2    11,891   1,484 12.5    Keweenaw        133      23 17.3       940     114 12.1
   Chippewa      3,505   1,209 34.5    17,044   2,606 15.3      Lake        1,622     643 39.6     4,740   1,016 21.4
    Clare        3,657   1,366 37.4    13,646   2,709 19.9     Lapeer       6,416   1,268 19.8    46,860   3,919  8.4
   Clinton       4,990     974 19.5    42,383   3,952  9.3    Leelanau      1,048     142 13.5    10,690     673  6.3
   Crawford      1,519     456 30.0     6,327     826 13.1    Lenawee       7,395   1,731 23.4    48,455   4,998 10.3
    Delta        2,955     841 28.5    17,568   1,844 10.5   Livingston     9,416   1,267 13.5   106,798   4,839  4.5
  Dickinson      2,268     827 36.5    12,549   1,264 10.1      Luce          522     125 23.9     2,549     340 13.3
    Eaton        9,085   2,014 22.2    56,701   4,621  8.1    Mackinac        871     317 36.4     5,256     749 14.3
    Emmet        2,092     463 22.1    17,289   1,531  8.9     Macomb      61,986  13,658 22.0   475,817  41,632  8.7
   Genesee      38,007  13,130 34.5   207,192  33,145 16.0    Manistee      2,006     506 25.2    11,057   1,247 11.3
Civilians with and without Disabilities in Poverty Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Michigan, by County: 2018
County Disability No Disability   County Disability No Disability
Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2] Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2]
  Marquette      4,953   1,433 28.9    34,603   6,101 17.6   St. Joseph     4,694   1,355 28.9    30,492   3,585 11.8
    Mason        2,265     723 31.9    14,129   1,562 11.1    Tuscola       5,206   1,765 33.9    26,430   2,979 11.3
   Mecosta       3,432   1,187 34.6    21,402   4,746 22.2   Van Buren      5,717   1,631 28.5    38,622   4,732 12.3
  Menominee      1,985     498 25.1    11,517   1,126  9.8   Washtenaw     16,707   4,329 25.9   214,573  33,477 15.6
   Midland       5,310   1,508 28.4    44,692   4,127  9.2     Wayne      158,878  57,725 36.3   914,441 168,150 18.4
  Missaukee      1,527     504 33.0     6,995     824 11.8    Wexford       2,765     757 27.4    16,473   2,329 14.1
    Monroe      10,609   2,317 21.8    80,669   7,081  8.8                                                           
   Montcalm      5,706   1,874 32.8    30,518   3,830 12.5                                                           
 Montmorency     1,004     261 26.0     3,984     589 14.8                                                           
   Muskegon     14,337   4,616 32.2    85,458  11,910 13.9                                                           
   Newaygo       4,935   1,738 35.2    23,089   3,039 13.2                                                           
   Oakland      71,533  15,014 21.0   706,097  50,566  7.2                                                           
    Oceana       2,381     652 27.4    12,538   1,979 15.8                                                           
    Ogemaw       2,350     761 32.4     9,355   1,347 14.4                                                           
  Ontonagon        478     128 26.8     2,673     434 16.2                                                           
   Osceola       2,183     786 36.0    10,969   1,688 15.4                                                           
    Oscoda         965     287 29.7     3,515     513 14.6                                                           
    Otsego       2,108     707 33.5    11,941   1,309 11.0                                                           
    Ottawa      13,792   2,628 19.1   153,127  12,941  8.5                                                           
 Presque Isle    1,137     341 30.0     5,734     765 13.3                                                           
  Roscommon      3,013     956 31.7     9,700   1,641 16.9                                                           
   Saginaw      16,510   5,962 36.1    95,348  14,631 15.3                                                           
   Sanilac       3,629   1,071 29.5    20,081   2,613 13.0                                                           
 Schoolcraft       981     399 40.7     3,548     577 16.3                                                           
  Shiawassee     5,400   1,318 24.4    35,945   3,411  9.5                                                           
  St. Clair     14,300   3,922 27.4    82,302   8,394 10.2                                                           
Count of Civilians in Poverty with Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Michigan, by County: 2018

Poverty Rate for Civilians with Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Michigan, by County: 2018

Discussion

There are a number of concepts and factors which complicate the interpretation of the estimates presented in this report. These concerns affect all statistics from population-based surveys. The estimates included in this document should be interpreted the following limitations in mind and generalized with caution. In each point, a link to the U.S. Census Bureau website describing the limitation or concept in greater detail in the ACS has been provided.

Additional links to resources for the ACS:

Glossary

American Community Survey (ACS) — The American Community Survey is a large, continuous demographic survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau that will provide accurate and up-to-date profiles of America’s communities every year. Annual and multiyear estimates of population and housing data are generated for small areas, including tracts and population subgroups. This information is collected by mailing questionnaires to a sample of addresses. See the U.S. Census Bureau website for additional details.

The Six Disability Questions in the American Community Survey:

  1. Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious difficulty hearing? (yes or no)
  2. Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? (yes or no)
  3. (If person 5 years old or over) Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? (yes or no)
  4. (If person 5 years or old over) Does this person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? (yes or no)
  5. (If person 5 years old or over) Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing? (yes or no)
  6. (If person 15 years old or over) Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping? (yes or no)

Average — The sum of all of the values in a sample divided by the number of values in the sample.

Civilian — A person not in active-duty military.

Living in the Community – A person lives in the community, if the person is not living in an institution, such as jail, prison, nursing home, and hospital. A college dormitory is not considered an institution.

Median — The middle-most value of a sample that separates the upper half of the values from the lower half of the values. 

Non-Institutionalized Population — Describes individuals who are residing in the community and who are not living in institutions such as jails, prisons, nursing homes, hospitals, etc.

 

Population — The total number of inhabitants in a defined geographic area including all races, classes, and groups.

Poverty — The U.S. Office of Management and Budget in Statistical Policy, Directive 14 sets the standards for which poverty is calculated. The U.S. Census Bureau uses a set of dollar value thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If a family’s total income is less than the dollar value of the appropriate threshold, then that family and every individual in it is considered to be in poverty.

Poverty Rate — Percent of the population who are determined to be in poverty.

Range — The difference between the largest and smallest values in a sample. In a sample, when the smallest value is subtracted from the largest value the resulting value is called the range. 

Sampling Variability — The variation of a statistic when estimated from repeated samples.

United States Census Bureau — An agency within the United States Federal Statistical System tasked with producing data about the American people and economy. Their primary task is to conduct the United States Census every ten years.

About the Center

Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics (StatsRRTC)

Led by the University of New Hampshire, the StatsRRTC is a collaborative effort involving the following partners: American Association of People with Disabilities, Center for Essential Management Services, Council of State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation, Kessler Foundation, Mathematica Policy Research, and Public Health Institute.

The StatsRRTC is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research under grant number 90RTGE00010100, from 2018–2023.

Employment Policy and Measurement Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (EPM-RRTC)

Led by the University of New Hampshire, the EPM-RRTC is a collaborative effort involving the following partners: Association of University Centers on Disability, Hunter College, Kessler Foundation, Mathematica Policy Research, and the University of Chicago.

The EPM-RRTC is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research under grant number 90RT503701, from 2015–2020.

Contact Information
University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability
10 West Edge Drive, Suite 101
Durham, NH 03824
Toll-Free Telephone/TTY: 866-538-9521
E-mail: Disability.Statistics@unh.edu
https://www.researchondisability.org