2018 State Report for County-Level Data: Poverty

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the following individuals who have contributed to the success of this effort: Deb Brucker, Erin Dame, Kate Filanoski, Adam Lavoie, Kim Phillips, and Karen Volle.

Funding for this publication is made possible by:

The Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics (StatsRRTC), funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Community Living National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR), grant number 90RTGE0001-01-00; and the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Employment Policy and Measurement (EPM-RRTC), also funded by NIDILRR, grant number 90RT5037-03-00. The information developed by the StatsRRTC and EPM-RRTC does not necessarily represent the policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government (Edgar, 75.620 (b)).

The StatsRRTC and EPM-RRTC are part of the Institute on Disability at the University of New Hampshire. The Institute on Disability/UCED (IOD) was established in 1987 to provide a university-based focus for the improvement of knowledge, policies, and practices related to the lives of people with disabilities and their families and is New Hampshire’s University Center for Excellence in Disability (UCED). Located within the University of New Hampshire, the IOD is a federally designated center authorized by the Developmental Disabilities Act. Through innovative and interdisciplinary research, academic, service, and dissemination initiatives, the IOD builds local, state, and national capacities to respond to the needs of individuals with disabilities and their families.

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Copyright 2020. Institute on Disability. University of New Hampshire.      

 

 

 

2018 Virginia Report for County-Level Data: Poverty

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on

Disability Statistics and Demographics

A NIDILRR-Funded Center

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Introduction

The State Reports for County-Level Data on Poverty are designed to provide the users of disability statistics with the number and percentage in poverty for civilians with disabilities, ages 18 to 64 years and living in the community, for any given state and county in the United States (U.S.). This report is intended to be an online complement to Section 3: Poverty of the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium and Annual Disability Statistics Supplement, providing greater detail within each state. The State Reports for County-Level Data on Poverty can be used to compare county-level statistics between counties in any given state or states. The following report provides county-level statistics for Virginia.

The proportion of the civilian non-institutionalized population with disabilities in poverty, also called the poverty rate, presented in the State Reports for County-Level Data is a useful tool for advocates, researchers, and policy-makers to plan and provide services and supports for people with disabilities experiencing poverty. In this report, poverty of people with disabilities is presented as the number of civilians with disabilities, ages 18 to 64 years and living in the community, in a given state and county per total state and county populations, respectively. Counts and percentages (the poverty rate) are provided in tables and maps.

The data for this report come from the American Community Survey 5-year data. The American Community Survey (ACS) is a national survey developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to provide information on a number of topics about social, economic, and demographic characteristics of the U.S. population. ACS 5-year data is collected over a longer period of time than 1-year data, providing larger sample sizes and increased reliability for less populated areas and small population subgroups. All of the statistics in this report use the ACS 5-year data which includes data the year of this report and data from the four previous years. In the ACS, people are identified as having a disability based on responses to a series of six questions asking about having difficulties with vision, hearing, ambulation, cognition, self-care, and independent living (see glossary for further details). 

Poverty is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and set as a dollar threshold by the U.S. Census Bureau (see the glossary for further details).

 

Specific to Virginia, the state chosen for this report, sentences providing interpretation and context for poverty statistics are included on the following page. A short glossary of terms is also provided at the end of the report explaining the statistics that are illustrated in each sentence.

Additional Resources. The Annual Disability Statistics Compendium and its complement, the Annual Disability Statistics Supplement, are summaries of statistics about people with disabilities, available both in hard copy and online at https://www.disabilitycompendium.org

Help navigating any of the resources described here can be found in the Frequently Asked Questions section at https://www.disabilitycompendium.org/faq. Assistance interpreting and locating additional statistics is available via our toll-free number, 866.538.9521, or by email, disability.statistics@unh.edu. For more information about our research projects, please visit https://www.researchondisability.org.

Suggested Citation. Boege, S.L., Lauer, E.A., & Houtenville, A.J., 2020. 2018 State Report for Virginia County-Level Data: Poverty. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Interpretation

The following statements are designed to help understand the 2018 county-level poverty statistics from Virginia that are presented:

 

  • For people with disabilities: 

    • The poverty rate for people with disabilities in Virginia was 23.2%.
    • The range, also known as the difference between largest and smallest values, of poverty rates for people with disabilities across Virginia counties was 62.4%.
      • The county with the greatest poverty rate for people with disabilities was Galax (65.0%).
      • The county with the smallest poverty rate for people with disabilities was Falls Church (2.6%).
    • The median, also known as the middle-most, poverty rate for people with disabilities across all counties in Virginia was 25.5%.

 

  • For people without disabilities: 
    • The poverty rate for people without disabilities in Virginia was 9.3%.
    • The range, also known as the difference between largest and smallest values, of poverty rates for people without disabilities across Virginia counties was 41.8%.
      • The county with the greatest poverty rate for people without disabilities was Radford (45.0%).
      • The county with the smallest poverty rate for people without disabilities was Falls Church (3.2%).
    • The median, also known as the middle-most, poverty rate for people without disabilities across all counties in Virginia was 11.3%.
Civilians with and without Disabilities in Poverty Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2018
County Disability No Disability   County Disability No Disability
Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2] Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2]
    Virginia     478,704 111,219 23.2 4,563,090 423,099  9.3   Chesterfield    18,077   3,544 19.6   188,712  10,785  5.7
    Accomack       1,874     589 31.4    16,641   2,882 17.3      Clarke          535      83 15.5     7,884     578  7.3
   Albemarle       3,842   1,093 28.4    55,459   5,235  9.4 Colonial Heights   1,038     220 21.2     8,854   1,106 12.5
   Alexandria      5,776   1,006 17.4   102,057   8,754  8.6    Covington         452     119 26.3     2,734     342 12.5
   Alleghany       1,385     489 35.3     7,345   1,288 17.5      Craig           428     145 33.9     2,616     156  6.0
     Amelia          895     125 14.0     6,742     705 10.5     Culpeper       2,597     505 19.4    26,366   1,877  7.1
    Amherst        2,342     659 28.1    16,202   1,818 11.2    Cumberland        628     101 16.1     5,105     708 13.9
   Appomattox      1,450     511 35.2     7,668     664  8.7     Danville       4,207   1,648 39.2    18,905   3,165 16.7
   Arlington       6,616   1,074 16.2   156,509  10,237  6.5    Dickenson       2,113     753 35.6     6,480   1,332 20.6
    Augusta        4,674   1,109 23.7    37,140   2,698  7.3    Dinwiddie       2,108     465 22.1    15,181   1,617 10.7
      Bath           388     168 43.3     2,413     175  7.3     Emporia          362     160 44.2     2,687     539 20.1
    Bedford        5,264   1,215 23.1    40,871   3,027  7.4      Essex           743     192 25.8     5,625     707 12.6
     Bland           359      31  8.6     2,948     247  8.4     Fairfax          901     184 20.4    13,899   1,432 10.3
   Botetourt       2,125     324 15.2    17,317   1,088  6.3     Fairfax       36,138   4,826 13.4   676,567  36,098  5.3
    Bristol        2,174     897 41.3     7,491   1,239 16.5   Falls Church       418      11  2.6     8,307     269  3.2
   Brunswick       1,564     459 29.3     6,773   1,120 16.5     Fauquier       2,879     292 10.1    38,858   1,846  4.8
    Buchanan       2,936   1,173 40.0    10,078   2,486 24.7      Floyd           987     207 21.0     8,109     811 10.0
   Buckingham      1,283     383 29.9     7,552   1,126 14.9     Fluvanna       1,269     158 12.5    13,494     755  5.6
  Buena Vista        463     169 36.5     3,116     720 23.1     Franklin         467     134 28.7     4,194     506 12.1
    Campbell       3,838     995 25.9    29,439   2,754  9.4     Franklin       4,271   1,077 25.2    27,201   4,012 14.7
    Caroline       1,479     164 11.1    14,814   1,189  8.0    Frederick       4,759     824 17.3    45,693   2,041  4.5
    Carroll        2,745     802 29.2    14,499   1,896 13.1  Fredericksburg    1,960     708 36.1    15,007   1,662 11.1
  Charles City       642     145 22.6     3,632     358  9.9      Galax           741     482 65.0     2,943     505 17.2
   Charlotte       1,237     441 35.7     5,568   1,070 19.2      Giles         1,326     364 27.5     8,451     716  8.5
Charlottesville    2,472     693 28.0    29,553   8,127 27.5    Gloucester      3,346     629 18.8    19,120   1,148  6.0
   Chesapeake     12,802   1,720 13.4   125,600   8,658  6.9    Goochland       1,162     146 12.6    11,424     473  4.1
Civilians with and without Disabilities in Poverty Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2018
County Disability No Disability   County Disability No Disability
Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2] Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2]
    Grayson        1,479     523 35.4     7,209   1,017 14.1   Martinsville     1,274     486 38.1     5,973   1,212 20.3
     Greene        1,328     140 10.5    10,197     683  6.7     Mathews          531     107 20.2     4,259     482 11.3
  Greensville        616     121 19.6     4,298     591 13.8   Mecklenburg      3,060     894 29.2    13,683   2,210 16.2
    Halifax        2,792     713 25.5    16,521   2,002 12.1    Middlesex         694     171 24.6     4,786     360  7.5
    Hampton       10,547   2,647 25.1    69,016   9,039 13.1    Montgomery      5,103   1,600 31.4    56,824  17,029 30.0
    Hanover        4,321     595 13.8    58,064   2,477  4.3      Nelson          676     162 24.0     7,676     914 11.9
  Harrisonburg     2,519     935 37.1    30,376  10,191 33.5     New Kent         789      24  3.0    11,976     557  4.7
    Henrico       17,889   3,210 17.9   183,884  14,308  7.8   Newport News    14,867   3,693 24.8    89,476  11,263 12.6
     Henry         5,194   1,981 38.1    24,024   3,859 16.1     Norfolk       15,606   4,590 29.4   121,127  21,139 17.5
    Highland         170      43 25.3       940     140 14.9   Northampton        579     239 41.3     5,782     858 14.8
    Hopewell       2,316     869 37.5    10,653   1,662 15.6  Northumberland      548     143 26.1     5,426     851 15.7
 Isle of Wight     2,571     491 19.1    19,351   1,603  8.3      Norton          609     297 48.8     1,747     382 21.9
   James City      3,860     754 19.5    36,026   2,843  7.9     Nottoway       1,494     675 45.2     6,842   1,193 17.4
  King George      1,568     228 14.5    14,055     567  4.0      Orange        2,878     595 20.7    17,601     912  5.2
  King William       907     167 18.4     9,243     591  6.4       Page         2,240     772 34.5    11,675   1,737 14.9
 King and Queen      329     115 35.0     3,815     440 11.5     Patrick        1,407     489 34.8     8,617   1,134 13.2
   Lancaster         506     152 30.0     4,759     508 10.7    Petersburg      3,724   1,417 38.1    15,442   3,305 21.4
      Lee          3,628   1,396 38.5     9,747   1,925 19.7   Pittsylvania     5,343   1,624 30.4    30,251   3,813 12.6
   Lexington         300     144 48.0     1,837     514 28.0     Poquoson         664      87 13.1     6,225     224  3.6
    Loudoun       10,522     951  9.0   228,262   7,471  3.3    Portsmouth      7,033   1,899 27.0    47,817   6,008 12.6
     Louisa        3,003   1,037 34.5    18,393   1,733  9.4     Powhatan       1,143      76  6.6    14,798     650  4.4
   Lunenburg       1,163     247 21.2     5,311     799 15.0  Prince Edward     1,347     553 41.1     9,572   2,043 21.3
   Lynchburg       5,239   1,876 35.8    38,629   8,253 21.4  Prince George     2,648     485 18.3    17,367   1,358  7.8
    Madison          803     127 15.8     6,795     548  8.1  Prince William   17,958   1,943 10.8   263,678  14,494  5.5
    Manassas       1,497     113  7.5    24,902   1,883  7.6     Pulaski        3,062     943 30.8    16,576   1,768 10.7
 Manassas Park       953     214 22.5     9,917     694  7.0     Radford        1,209     330 27.3    10,030   4,513 45.0
Civilians with and without Disabilities in Poverty Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2018
County Disability No Disability   County Disability No Disability
Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2] Total Count % [1] Total Count % [2]
  Rappahannock       417     127 30.5     3,719     319  8.6    Winchester      2,487     785 31.6    13,799   1,448 10.5
    Richmond         328     119 36.3     3,698     321  8.7       Wise         5,651   2,113 37.4    16,454   2,906 17.7
    Richmond      20,276   7,912 39.0   126,226  25,076 19.9      Wythe         3,022     818 27.1    14,176   1,772 12.5
    Roanoke        4,812     971 20.2    49,203   2,925  5.9       York         3,384     237  7.0    34,171   1,451  4.2
    Roanoke        7,442   2,620 35.2    53,726   8,795 16.4                                                             
   Rockbridge      1,453     363 25.0    11,316   1,374 12.1                                                             
   Rockingham      4,584     962 21.0    41,019   3,344  8.2                                                             
    Russell        3,763   1,024 27.2    12,704   2,092 16.5                                                             
     Salem         1,205     222 18.4    12,773   1,043  8.2                                                             
     Scott         3,037   1,020 33.6     9,302   1,303 14.0                                                             
   Shenandoah      2,722     617 22.7    22,042   2,023  9.2                                                             
     Smyth         4,238   1,353 31.9    13,874   2,299 16.6                                                             
  Southampton      1,108     259 23.4     8,767     680  7.8                                                             
  Spotsylvania     7,606   1,133 14.9    72,850   4,789  6.6                                                             
    Stafford       6,320     400  6.3    80,299   3,308  4.1                                                             
    Staunton       1,559     332 21.3    12,186   1,458 12.0                                                             
    Suffolk        5,751   1,289 22.4    47,119   3,794  8.1                                                             
     Surry           520      39  7.5     3,539     430 12.2                                                             
     Sussex          618     202 32.7     3,727     484 13.0                                                             
    Tazewell       4,477   1,096 24.5    19,525   2,674 13.7                                                             
 Virginia Beach   23,748   3,585 15.1   240,139  16,308  6.8                                                             
     Warren        2,869     602 21.0    21,243   1,750  8.2                                                             
   Washington      5,314   1,526 28.7    25,720   2,928 11.4                                                             
   Waynesboro      1,427     423 29.6    11,359   1,691 14.9                                                             
  Westmoreland       892     373 41.8     9,016   1,031 11.4                                                             
  Williamsburg       631     203 32.2     6,106   1,786 29.2                                                             
Count of Civilians in Poverty with Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2018

Poverty Rate for Civilians with Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community for Virginia, by County: 2018

Discussion

There are a number of concepts and factors which complicate the interpretation of the estimates presented in this report. These concerns affect all statistics from population-based surveys. The estimates included in this document should be interpreted the following limitations in mind and generalized with caution. In each point, a link to the U.S. Census Bureau website describing the limitation or concept in greater detail in the ACS has been provided.

Additional links to resources for the ACS:

Glossary

American Community Survey (ACS) — The American Community Survey is a large, continuous demographic survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau that will provide accurate and up-to-date profiles of America’s communities every year. Annual and multiyear estimates of population and housing data are generated for small areas, including tracts and population subgroups. This information is collected by mailing questionnaires to a sample of addresses. See the U.S. Census Bureau website for additional details.

The Six Disability Questions in the American Community Survey:

  1. Is this person deaf or does he/she have serious difficulty hearing? (yes or no)
  2. Is this person blind or does he/she have serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? (yes or no)
  3. (If person 5 years old or over) Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? (yes or no)
  4. (If person 5 years or old over) Does this person have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs? (yes or no)
  5. (If person 5 years old or over) Does this person have difficulty dressing or bathing? (yes or no)
  6. (If person 15 years old or over) Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, does this person have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping? (yes or no)

Average — The sum of all of the values in a sample divided by the number of values in the sample.

Civilian — A person not in active-duty military.

Living in the Community – A person lives in the community, if the person is not living in an institution, such as jail, prison, nursing home, and hospital. A college dormitory is not considered an institution.

Median — The middle-most value of a sample that separates the upper half of the values from the lower half of the values. 

Non-Institutionalized Population — Describes individuals who are residing in the community and who are not living in institutions such as jails, prisons, nursing homes, hospitals, etc.

 

Population — The total number of inhabitants in a defined geographic area including all races, classes, and groups.

Poverty — The U.S. Office of Management and Budget in Statistical Policy, Directive 14 sets the standards for which poverty is calculated. The U.S. Census Bureau uses a set of dollar value thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If a family’s total income is less than the dollar value of the appropriate threshold, then that family and every individual in it is considered to be in poverty.

Poverty Rate — Percent of the population who are determined to be in poverty.

Range — The difference between the largest and smallest values in a sample. In a sample, when the smallest value is subtracted from the largest value the resulting value is called the range. 

Sampling Variability — The variation of a statistic when estimated from repeated samples.

United States Census Bureau — An agency within the United States Federal Statistical System tasked with producing data about the American people and economy. Their primary task is to conduct the United States Census every ten years.

About the Center

Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Statistics and Demographics (StatsRRTC)

Led by the University of New Hampshire, the StatsRRTC is a collaborative effort involving the following partners: American Association of People with Disabilities, Center for Essential Management Services, Council of State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation, Kessler Foundation, Mathematica Policy Research, and Public Health Institute.

The StatsRRTC is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research under grant number 90RTGE00010100, from 2018–2023.

Employment Policy and Measurement Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (EPM-RRTC)

Led by the University of New Hampshire, the EPM-RRTC is a collaborative effort involving the following partners: Association of University Centers on Disability, Hunter College, Kessler Foundation, Mathematica Policy Research, and the University of Chicago.

The EPM-RRTC is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research under grant number 90RT503701, from 2015–2020.

Contact Information
University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability
10 West Edge Drive, Suite 101
Durham, NH 03824
Toll-Free Telephone/TTY: 866-538-9521
E-mail: Disability.Statistics@unh.edu
https://www.researchondisability.org